In December 2012, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) officially released the international safety standard IEC 62133, IEC 62133:2012 (ed2.0) for battery products. This standard is mainly for the safety requirements of single-cell batteries and battery packs and portable sealed single-cell batteries and battery packs containing alkaline or non-acid electrolytes (including lithium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, etc.).
The new IEC 62133 test clause is divided into two sections: nickel battery system and lithium battery system. This paper introduces the main changes in the lithium battery system.
Test items such as forced internal short circuit, overcharge (pack), and transportation test, and design proposals for lithium batteries have been added to the test items. At the same time, the charging step and the continuous low-voltage charging test item were updated.
Updated charging step
According to the requirements of the new IEC 62133, when the battery is tested for the following three external short circuits, thermal shock, extrusion, and battery test external short circuit, the battery or battery charging needs to be carried out under the peak of the charging temperature.
Added mandatory internal short circuit test
The purpose of this test is to simulate the potential danger of metal dust, scrap particles and other impurities that may enter the battery during the manufacturing process, and pierce the diaphragm between the positive and negative electrodes to cause internal short circuit. Its test object is for cylindrical or prismatic cells. This test is currently only available in Korea, Japan, Switzerland and France.
Add shipping test
According to the new IEC 62133 requirements, lithium batteries must pass the relevant tests in accordance with IEC 62281, and the test items are the same as the UN38.3 test items. Therefore, if the manufacturer can provide documents that prove that it meets the UN transportation requirements, the transportation test can be tested without passing the test and the transportation test is directly judged.
The IEC 62133 standard mainly includes testing of the following items:
Cell: continuous low-rate charging, vibration, temperature cycling, external short circuit, internal short circuit, free fall, impact (collision), thermal misuse (thermal shock), extrusion, low air pressure, overcharge, forced discharge, High-rate charge protection (lithium system), labeling and packaging, transportation testing, improper installation (nickel system).
Battery: Vibration, high temperature shell stress, temperature cycling, external short circuit, internal short circuit, free fall, impact (collision), marking and packaging, transportation test, overcharge (nickel system).
Most of these testing and verification projects are common routine testing projects, but there are still some projects worthy of attention and attention:
1.13KN extrusion. The test object of this project is the battery core. Although it is a common routine item, it is required to squeeze the long and short axial direction, that is, the length and width of the battery core, for the square core. According to the test experience, the polymer flexible packaging battery core has a failure phenomenon such as burning or explosion when the width axis is squeezed (side). Therefore, for polymer flexible packaging batteries, it is recommended to focus on this project.
2. Continue low rate charging. The test object of this project is the battery core. The standard stipulates that the fully charged battery cells are continuously charged for 28 days in accordance with the charging method specified by the manufacturer. This project is not common in other safety standards. In view of the fact that the battery manufacturer's charging method is basically constant current and constant voltage charging, this requires manufacturers to fully consider the regulation and limit of the charging current and even the full-voltage cut-off voltage. If necessary, the battery must be designed with continuous charging resistance in mind.
The Flux Compliance Service Laboratory Battery Laboratory has conducted a number of battery standard testing services, such as UN38.3, Wercs registration, and EN/IEC 62133 testing. In view of the complexity of manufacturing and finished product testing of batteries and batteries, it is recommended that battery manufacturers have an understanding of the standard details prior to testing and verification and control in production to avoid failure to comply with EN/IEC 62133 requirements. Delay the final time to market for battery products.
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